Constant Time Theory (CTT)
If the universe is the ongoing expression of a renewing temporal field, then the physical world we observe—its forces, dynamics, and behaviours—must arise from the interaction between renewal and structure. CTT locates the origins of cosmic expansion, gravity, and relativistic effects in the interplay between the two expressions of time:
Θ_E — the renewing mode, and
Θ_S — the structuring mode.
From these two behaviours of time, the universe acquires both its stability and its motion, its coherence and its change, its local complexity and its cosmic openness.
Local and Global Behaviour of the Temporal Field
The universe behaves differently across scales because Θ_E and Θ_S manifest differently in context.
Local Domains Are Structure-Dominated (Θ_S)
Near matter—within galaxies, solar systems, and atoms—Θ_S is substantial and intricate.
Here:
structure resists rapid renewal,
stable patterns form,
gravitational wells shape motion,
and complex systems endure.
Local reality is structured, persistent, and relatively slow-changing.
Cosmic Scales Are Renewal-Dominated (Θ_E)
Between galaxies, the universe is overwhelmingly empty.
Here:
Θ_S is minimal,
Θ_E acts freely,
expansion dominates,
the cosmos stretches in every direction.
Cosmic reality is open, expansive, and driven by uniform renewal.
This dual behaviour explains the otherwise puzzling fact that:
the universe expands overall
yet galaxies remain gravitationally bound
Local structure outruns expansion where Θ_S is strong; expansion outruns structure where Θ_E flows freely.
Cosmic Expansion as the Expression of Renewal
Cosmic expansion is not an explosion, a force, or a remnant of a primordial event. It is the direct expression of Θ_E—the renewing behaviour of time itself.
Each renewed state of the universe is slightly “larger” in regions where renewal proceeds unimpeded.
Thus:
space expands because renewal occurs everywhere at once
expansion is uniform because Θ_E is uniform
distant galaxies recede because renewal constantly generates more space
The universe is not expanding into anything. It expands because time renews reality everywhere simultaneously.
Light moves through this expanding reality at the maximal renewal tempo c, which is why c remains constant even as the fabric of the universe stretches.
Gravity as the Resistance of Structure to Renewal
In General Relativity, gravity is the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy.
CTT reframes this:
Gravity is the density of Θ_S resisting the propagation of renewal (Θ_E).
Where matter accumulates:
Θ_S thickens and condenses,
the local structure becomes increasingly rigid,
renewal cannot propagate at its maximal tempo,
and the region processes fewer renewal cycles per universal moment.
This manifests physically as gravitational time dilation:
clocks run slower near massive bodies
internal processes unfold more slowly
matter experiences reduced renewal responsiveness
Gravity is therefore not a force acting at a distance. It is a local slowing of renewal caused by the density of the structural field.
Local Renewal and Time Dilation
Because Θ_E sets the universal renewal moment, all regions of the cosmos share the same “now.” What differs is the extent to which each region can participate at that moment.
Where Θ_S is dense:
renewal slows,
clocks run slower,
motion is inhibited,
gravitational effects appear.
Where Θ_S is sparse:
renewal approaches the maximal tempo,
clocks run faster,
expansion dominates.
Time dilation, therefore, reflects the structural resistance of a region to being renewed.
Matter does not slow down time.
Matter slows down its own ability to keep up with time.
Why Relativity Naturally Emerges from Renewal
Relativity predicts that:
clocks slow in gravitational fields,
clocks slow when objects approach c,
nothing can exceed c,
spacetime curves in response to mass-energy.
CTT provides the ontological explanation that makes these behaviours coherent:
Nothing outruns c because nothing can exceed the renewal tempo.
Objects near c slow internally because their structural complexity cannot update quickly enough.
Gravity slows time because dense Θ_S impedes renewal.
Spacetime curvature is the large-scale pattern generated by non-uniform renewal.
Relativity describes the geometry.
CTT describes the underlying field that generates that geometry.
Why Matter and Light Behave Differently
Matter contains extensive Θ_S structure:
internal organisation
mass-energy density
stable, recurring patterns
complex internal symmetry
Because these patterns must be renewed each moment, matter cannot keep pace with c. As matter accelerates, its internal updating falls increasingly out of sync with the universal tempo.
Light, however:
has minimal internal structure,
requires little renewal to propagate,
travels at the full renewal rate.
Thus:
light travels at c because it is simple
matter cannot reach c because it is complex
This distinction emerges directly from the temporal field.
A Unified View of the Physical World
From the interplay of Θ_E and Θ_S, the universe acquires its most fundamental behaviours:
expansion = renewal in regions with minimal structure
gravity = structural resistance to renewal
relativistic effects = differing local renewal rates
motion = stable patterns translated across renewal
spacetime geometry = large-scale patterns of renewal and structure
The universe is coherent, dynamic, and structured because time itself is coherent, dynamic, and structured.
Physical laws are not imposed upon the temporal field. They emerge from the temporal field’s intrinsic behaviours.